Universal Access/Service
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	Universal Access: The right of any person or organization to sipply programs and content services by the lease of time/space or services for any lawful purpose at non-discriminatory terms. Universal Service: The technical connection of every residence, institution, and business establishment at minimal or fair cost.		English to French English to German English to Italian English to Portuguese English to Spanish French to English German to English Italian to English Spanish to English Portuguese to English Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
	Background Information		Featured Topics
	FCC's Final Report & Order on Closed Captioning Excerpts of the Telecommunications Act regarding disability Full Copy of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, PL 104-652 FCC Report To Congress On Universal Service FCC Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Access		Access Charges Electronic Commerce Digital TV Electronic Democracy Internet Telephony Microsoft Legal Battle Privacy & Cryptography Telco Competition Issues Universal Access/Service Year 2000 (Y2K)
	Associations & Institutions
	Trace Research & Development Center Connecting Each to All: A Telecommunications Platform for the Information Age.
	Government Resources
	The Electronic & Information Technology Access Committee The US Access Board Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Ammendments Falling Through The Net: A Survey of the "Have Nots" in Rural and Urban America. NTIA The Global Information Infrastructure: Agenda For Cooperation. NTIA Competition Is The Key. Reed Hundt FCC Chairman Reflections on the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Communications Act. Robert E. Allen Federal Communications Law Journal published by the Indiana University School of Law - Bloomington and the Federal Communications Bar Association Steps Toward a Global Information Infrastructure. Assistant Secretary of Commerce Larry Irving, Janet Hernandez, Wendy C. Chow Deregulating the Second Republic. Commissioner Andrew C. Barrett. Telecommunications and the Competitive Advantage of MassachusettsGovernor William F. Weld The Evolution of Universal Service in TexasJohn B. Horrigan Alaska Public Utilities Commission (APUC) Information Universal Service in Vermont Peter Bluhm
	Papers
	Universal Access to E-Mail: Feasibility and Societal Implications Losing Ground Bit by Bit: Low-Income Communities in the Information Age. Susan M. Goslee The New Definition of Universal Service. Kevin Taglang, Benton Foundation (kevint@benton.org) The Next Generation of Universal Service: Discounts for Schools and Libraries. Kevin Taglang, Benton Foundation (kevint@benton.org) The Next Generation of Universal Service: Recommendations of the Joint Board on Universal Service. Kevin Taglang, Benton Foundation (kevint@benton.org) Universal Service: A Historical Perspective and Policies for the 21st Century. Mark Cooper Summaries and Links to Comments Filed in Universal Service Proceeding. Public Interest Advocates, Universal Service and the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Kevin Taglang, Benton Foundation (kevint@benton.org) NetTrans Accounts: Reforming the Financial Support Structure for Universal Service in Telecommunications. Eli M. Noam Universal Service and the Information Superhighway: Policy Briefing 1 Universal Service and the Information Superhighway: Policy Bulletin 1 Beyond Universal Service: Characteristics of Americans without Telephones 1980-1993. Jorge Reina Schement. The Rural Challenge: Changing Requirements and Policy Options. Heather Hudson Universal Service: Policy Options for the Future. Susan G. Hadden Recovering Network Subsidies without Distortion. Michael A. Einhorn Funding the Public Telecommunications Infrastructure. Bruce L. Egan & Steven Wildman Breaking the Bottleneck and Sharing the Wealth: A Perspective on Universal Service Policy in an Era of Local Competition. Robert K. Lock, Jr. A Framework for Managing Telecommunications Deregulation While Meeting Universal Service Goals. Barbara A. Cherry, Steven S. Wildman An Outline for Organizing Universal Service Proposals. Marlin Blizinsky Universal Service: The Stakeholder Response. James C. Smith Universal Service: The Stakeholder Response. Dr. Michael D. Pelcovits The Social Architecture of Community Computing. Allen W. Batteau The Local Government Perspective: Can the Harmonica Play in the Symphony? Brenda J. Trainor Manager, Regional Telecommunications Clark County, Nevada Transcending Access Toward a New Universal Service. Jorge Reina Schement, Rebecca R. Pressman, Laurance Povich Universal Service in Vermont. Peter Bluhm Universal Service: Prosaic Motives and Great Ideals. Harmeet Sawhney Implementing Universal Service After the 1996 Telecommunications Act. "Universal Service" and the new Telecommunications Act: Mythology Made Law. Milton Mueller NTIA Conference on the Future of the Net. Ronda Hauben Universal Access to E-Mail. RAND. Reforms toward the Intellectually Creative Society of the 21st Century. Telecommunications Council Universal Service from the Bottom Up. Dr. Milton Mueller & Dr. Jorge Reina Schement. Connecting K-12 Schools to the NII: A Preliminary Assessment of Technology Models and Their Associated Costs. R. I. Rothstein TeleRead. David H. Rothman Europe and the Global Information Society. Recommendations to the European Council A Japanese Perspective on the Significance of the Information Revolution. Shumpei Kumon Green Paper on Telecommunications Policy in South Africa Access and Universal Service on the Information Highway Defining and Maintaining Universal Access to Basic Network Services: Canadian Experiences in an International Context. Universal Service and Information Poverty: a new look at an old problem. Brennon M. Martin Latinos in the Age of Information Latinos & Technology From Wires To Waves. George Gilder Mike Milken and Two Trillion Dollar Opportunity. George Gilder Technological Change, Market Structure, and Universal Service. Third Prize Winner, Graduate Student Paper Competition, Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, October 1994 The New Realities of the Communications MarketplaceRaymond W. Smith Establish a Wireless Component of the National Information Infrastructure White Paper: A Telecommunications Policy Framework for Internet Service Providers In the Matter of Inquiry on Universal Service and Open Access Issues. Sharon Eisner Gillett Technological Change, Market Structure, and Universal Service. Sharon Eisner Gillett Promoting Competition in the Telecommunications Industry Through Legislative Reform.